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BRIDGE BACK
1. While adding 10 grocery items, you multiply the quantity and price for each item repeatedly.
Which computational thinking concept is this?

(i) Loop (ii) Condition
(iii) Abstraction (iv) Encapsulation

2. You calculate the cost of a shopping list manually and with an online calculator. What concept are
you applying here?
(i) Logic masking (ii) Comparing solutions

(iii) Problem segmentation (iv) Abstraction

In our daily lives, whether we are solving puzzles, doing school projects or using technology, it is
always easier to break a big task into smaller steps.

First, we divide a large problem into smaller, easier parts.

Next, some details stay hidden and we only see the useful part
we need.

Sometimes, the difficult rules and processes are
covered and we are shown only the simple results.
Finally, we focus only on the main idea and ignore
the extra details that are not important.

By doing this, we make even hard problems simple to
understand and easy to solve. RAVI PILLAI

For example, a Personal ID Card is an important way Software Engineer
to identify yourself in school, office or any organisation. Emp. ID: 1243661 DOB: 21/7/1995
+
Blood Gr.: A
It includes details like your name, photo, position, Dept.: IT
employee ID, blood group and department.

To create the Personal ID Card, you’ll follow four simple concepts:

1. Problem segmentation: Break the large task into small and manageable steps.
2. Encapsulation: Keep all the related details together, like your name, photo and ID number, so
they’re easy to find.

3. Logic masking: Hide the complex details, such as extra information that isn’t needed right
now and only show the important parts.

4. Abstraction: Focus on the main details, like your name and position and leave out the extra
irrelevant information.

By following these steps, you’ll create a Personal ID Card that’s easy to use and looks great.

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Abstraction: The Art of Simplifying